Azelaic Acid

INCI: Azelaic Acid
Also known as: AzA, Nonanedioic Acid
BrighteningactivesyntheticStrong evidencePregnancy safe
91
Skinlumis Rating
Comedogenic
0/5
Irritancy
2/5
Best applied
Both
Effective range
10%–20%
How It Works

A naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid found in cereal grains. Multi-functional: anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and tyrosinase-inhibiting. One of the few actives safe for pregnancy and rosacea.

Inhibits mitochondrial oxidoreductase activity in hyperactive melanocytes, reduces C. acnes, and dampens kallikrein-5 (relevant in rosacea).

pH Range
4.0–5.0
Benefits
  • Supports clearer skin
  • Reduces redness and PIH
  • Soothes rosacea-prone skin
  • Pregnancy-safe
  • Multi-targets acne and pigmentation
Proven For

What the evidence supports.

AcneRosaceaHyperpigmentationMelasma
Best For
  • All skin types
  • Sensitive
  • Rosacea-prone
Avoid If

No notable contraindications reported.

Layering Order
5/10

Mid-routine serum or treatment step.

Max Safe Concentration
20%

Concentration range in well-formulated products: 10%–20%

Seasonal Use

Year-round.

Nutrition Connection

Found naturally in wheat, rye, barley.

Skin Signals When You Need It
  • Persistent papules + pigmentation overlap
For Estheticians & Professionals

Triple-threat for the rosacea-prone client with acne + pigmentation. Available OTC up to 10%, prescription at 15–20%.

Notable Research
  • Fitton & Goa 1991, 20% AzA cream matched 4% hydroquinone for melasma
  • Draelos et al. 2018, 15% AzA improved rosacea papules and erythema
Clinical Evidence

The research behind Azelaic Acid.

4 peer-reviewed studies

Every claim on this page traces to published research. Findings below are drawn from randomized trials and systematic reviews, each links to the study on PubMed.

Randomized Controlled Trial
Azelaic acid comparable to hydroquinone for hyperpigmentation with superior safety across all Fitzpatrick types.
Balina LM, Graupe K
International Journal of Dermatology, 1991
View Study →
Systematic Review
Gut microbiome dysbiosis is significantly associated with inflammatory skin conditions including acne and rosacea.
Dréno B, Dagnelie MA, Khammari A, Corvec S
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2020
View Study →
Systematic Review
EPA supplementation at 1.8g/day reduced inflammatory acne lesions by 42% over 12 weeks.
Thomsen BJ, Chow EY, Sapijaszko MJ
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 2020
View Study →
Systematic Review
Vitamin D deficiency significantly associated with acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
Mostafa WZ, Hegazy RA
Journal of Advanced Research, 2015
View Study →
Conflicts With

No flagged conflicts. Still, patch-test new actives.

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The science behind Azelaic Acid

3 studies from the Intelligence Vault that discuss Azelaic Acid.

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